Research methodology, sources and limitations

Our approach

1. Start with sources. Annual reports, financial statements, stock-exchange filings, regulator publications and credible industry data.
2. Test the numbers. Compare profit with cash flow, balance-sheet movements and peer economics across several years, not a single period.
3. Build the context. Consider competition, demand, pricing, capital needs and business risks.
4. State what is uncertain. Make assumptions, gaps and limitations visible.

Sources

Every figure in a published note should be traceable to a named source. Where a note describes a concept in general terms, it says so. We do not use unattributed data and do not display market prices, ratings or news that we cannot source.

Calculators

The calculators on this website run in your browser using only the figures you type in. They store nothing and send nothing. They show arithmetic, not advice. Definitions are stated on each tool page.

Limitations

• Notes are educational and general. They are not investment advice and not a recommendation to buy or sell any security.
• Figures and definitions vary between sources and over time. Check primary documents before relying on anything here.
• Past performance of any business is not a guide to its future.
• Case studies use widely reported events and are brief summaries, not complete histories.

Corrections

If you believe something on this website is wrong, email pokharnaresearch@gmail.com with the page and the source. Corrections that are confirmed will be made, and material changes will be dated on the page.

Independence

Notes on this website are not sponsored. We do not accept payment to publish or alter research.